W^X Transition: Applying policy to GOT/ctor/dtors GOT and PLT get their own pages and become non-writeable (and we teach ld.so how to cope) dtors/ctors move in with the GOT, thus become non-writeable Now the data segment has no objects with X permission! We made a few things non-writeable (for free) No page has both W and X bits! Policy achieved.