New stuff in 4.2 Performance improvements in the network stack pf meta info stored directly in packet header e.g. routing table ID, queue ID mbuf tag allocation is slow roughly 100% improvement in pf performance Skip IPsec stack if no IPsec flows are defined reduces unneeded lookups Skip TCP/UDP/ICMP/ICMP6 checksumming in pf when not necessary Profiling network stack to identify most obvious bottlenecks kernel random pool was stirred on every packet pool allocator optimisations both times access to clock caused slow down